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<center> # Unix System Monitoring and Diagnostic CLI Tools *Originally published 2020-09-01 on [blog.sweeting.me](https://docs.sweeting.me/s/blog), updated sporadically since then.* *Also published on the [Monadical Blog](https://monadical.com/posts/system-monitoring-tools.html), [HackerNews](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24344520), and [ /r/Sysadmin](https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/ikynyo/an_opinionated_list_of_system_monitoring_and/).* <img src="https://docs.monadical.com/uploads/upload_8293c5cdcc3cf0dc6a6024ea0b18a2ee.png" style="width: 70%; border-radius: 4px; border: 1px solid #ccc; box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.08)"> <br/><br/> *An opinionated list of CLI utilities for monitoring and inspecting Linux/BSD systems.* *A similar list is available for macOS here: [awesome-macos-command-line](https://git.herrbischoff.com/awesome-macos-command-line/about/).* </center> <hr/> [TOC] --- ## Getting Started **CLI Usage Reference Tools:** - https://linux.die.net/man/ - https://explainshell.com/ ([Github](https://github.com/idank/explainshell)) - https://tldr.sh/ - http://bropages.org/ - https://terminaltrove.com/ - https://github.com/chrisallenlane/cheat - https://regex101.com/ - https://wiki.tilde.fun/admin/linux/cli/start - https://github.com/rothgar/awesome-tuis - https://github.com/toolleeo/cli-apps - https://github.com/agarrharr/awesome-cli-apps **My own personal helper script collections for Bash & Fish + reading lists & resources:** - https://github.com/pirate/bash-utils - https://github.com/pirate/fish-utils **Guides:** - https://github.com/jlevy/the-art-of-command-line - http://www.brendangregg.com/linuxperf.html - https://www.tecmint.com/command-line-tools-to-monitor-linux-performance/ - https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/03/linux-performance-monitoring-intro/ - https://www.opsdash.com/blog/disk-monitoring-linux.html - https://www.binarytides.com/linux-commands-monitor-network/ - https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/network-statistics-tools-rhel-centos-debian-linux/ **[And More...](#Further-Reading)** Below is a collection of CLI tools that I've personally used while doing Linux/BSD systems administration over the past 10+ years. Some of them I use daily, others I only use once a year or less... but when I need them, boy am I glad they exist! - `⭐️` I've added a star next to utilities that I find to be extremely well-built or well-suited to solving their particular task - `🌈` Utiltities marked with a rainbow have glorious xterm256/full-color output On non-Ubuntu/Debian-based Linuxes you should replace any instance of `apt install xyz` below with `pkg install xyz`/`brew install xyz`/`yum install xyz`/`nix install xyz`/etc. depending on your respective system. If you would like to suggest changes/additions to this list you can comment on [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/ikynyo/an_opinionated_list_of_system_monitoring_and/), ping me on Twitter [`@theSquashSH`](https://twitter.com/theSquashSH), or find my contact email on [sweeting.me](https://nicksweeting.com). --- ## All-in-one tools ### `glances` ⭐️ 🌈 `htop`, `iftop`, `iotop`, `gpustat`, `ctop`, and more, all rolled into one tool. Prints pretty much everything you need to know at a glance, including container resource usage, active processes, network and disk IO usage, and other stats. ```bash pip install 'glances[action,browser,cloud,cpuinfo,docker,export,folders,gpu,graph,ip,raid,snmp,web,wifi]' # launch glances CL glances # start a webserver to view glances output in a web UI on http://0.0.0.0:8787/ glances -w -B 0.0.0.0 -p 8787 ``` - https://github.com/nicolargo/glances - https://glances.readthedocs.io/en/stable/cmds.html - https://opensource.com/article/19/11/monitoring-linux-glances ### `nmon` 🌈 Jack-of-all-trades tool similar to `glances`, but with an interactive CLI UI to switch between panes for each type of resource. ```bash # run nmon then press c/m/r/etc to enable/disable each pane in the ncurses UI nmon ``` - http://nmon.sourceforge.net/pmwiki.php - https://www.admin-magazine.com/HPC/Articles/Nmon-All-Purpose-Admin-Tool - https://www.tecmint.com/nmon-analyze-and-monitor-linux-system-performance/ - https://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-monitor-your-linux-servers-with-nmon/ ### `dstat` A minimalist utility that prints a colored one-line summary of system stats every second. ```bash # give an update of cpu, disk, and network usage every 5sec dstat -cdn 5 # show advanced cpu, filesystem, ipc, locking, and asyncio stats every 2sec dstat --cpu-adv --fs --aio --ipc --lock 2 ``` - https://www.sanfoundry.com/5-dstat-command-usage-examples-in-linux/ - https://www.tecmint.com/dstat-monitor-linux-server-performance-process-memory-network/ - https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dstat-command-in-linux-with-examples/ - https://www.networkworld.com/article/3291616/examining-linux-system-performance-with-dstat.html ### `atop` ⭐️ Great for finding out what's causing system-wide slowness when you're not sure whether what the culprit is (e.g. CPU/disk/network/temperature/hardware/etc.). Ranks all possible sources of slowness independent of individual processes, highlights potential bottlenecks or high resource usage areas in red. Very useful when you can't tell what's causing slowness from `htop` alone. ```bash apt install atop # show all processes and individual threads atop -y ``` - https://github.com/Atoptool/atop - https://linux.die.net/man/1/atop - https://haydenjames.io/use-atop-linux-server-performance-analysis/ ### `tiptop`/`mactop` 🌈 tiptop is a command-line system monitoring tool in the spirit of top. It displays various interesting system stats and graphs them. Works on all operating systems. ```bash pip install tiptop tiptop ``` - https://github.com/nschloe/tiptop - https://github.com/laixintao/mactop ### `osquery` ⭐️ Run SQL queries on your system setup and resources. ```bash # show all processes listening on local ports osqueryi "SELECT DISTINCT process.name, listening.port, process.pid FROM processes AS process JOIN listening_ports AS listening ON process.pid = listening.pid WHERE listening.address = '0.0.0.0'" # show all gateway routes to the internet in json format osqueryi --json "SELECT * FROM routes WHERE destination = '::1'" # show number of threads by process name osqueryi 'SELECT count(pid) AS total, name FROM processes GROUP BY name ORDER BY total desc LIMIT 10' ``` - https://osquery.io/ - https://blog.rapid7.com/2016/05/09/introduction-to-osquery-for-threat-detection-dfir/ - https://osquery.readthedocs.io/en/stable/introduction/sql/ ### `sar` ```bash apt install sysstat echo 'ENABLED="true"' > /etc/default/sysstat systemctl restart sysstat # print all basic stats every 1sec sar -A 1 # show network stats by interface/device every 2sec sar -n DEV 2 # show all available stats every 1sec sar -B -b -d -I ALL -m ALL -n ALL -q -r ALL -S -u ALL -v -W -w -y 1 ``` - https://kirelos.com/how-to-install-and-configure-sysstat-on-ubuntu-20-04/ - https://www.linuxtechi.com/generate-cpu-memory-io-report-sar-command/ - https://www.poftut.com/linux-sysstat-utilities-monitoring-system-performance/ - https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/03/sar-examples/ - https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat ### `landscape-sysinfo` Ubuntu's builtin system status summary tool that displays whenever you SSH in. ```bash landscape-sysinfo ``` ### `webmin`/`cockpit` ⭐️ 🌈 Web GUI system control panels. ```bash curl -fsSL 'http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc' | apt-key add - echo "deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository/ sarge contrib" \ "deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository/ sarge contrib" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/webmin.list apt install webmin apt update ``` - https://webmin.com/ --- ## CPU / Memory ### `lscpu` Show info about the available CPU slots and installed CPUs. ```bash apt install util-linux lscpu ``` - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man1/lscpu.1.html - https://www.howtoforge.com/linux-lscpu-command/ ### `lsmem` Show info about the available RAM slots and installed chips. ```bash apt install util-linux lsmem -a ``` - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/en/man1/lsmem.1.html - https://zoomadmin.com/HowToLinux/LinuxCommand/lsmem ### `top` Barebones process resource usage monitoring. ```bash apt install top top ``` - https://linux.die.net/man/1/top - https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2010/01/15-practical-unix-linux-top-command-examples/ ### `htop` ⭐️ 🌈 A better version of `top`. ```bash apt install htop htop ``` - https://linux.die.net/man/1/htop - https://www.deonsworld.co.za/2012/12/20/understanding-and-using-htop-monitor-system-resources/ - https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/09/linux-htop-examples/ - https://devanswers.co/ubuntu-system-monitoring-with-htop/ ### `mpstat` Show per-core CPU usage statistics including IO load, interrupt load, system load, user load, etc. Gets its data from `/proc/stat`. ```bash apt install sysstat # show all stats every 1sec mpstat -A 1 # show utilization of all processors on the system every 1sec mpstat -P ALL 1 ``` - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man1/mpstat.1.html - https://www.linuxnix.com/7-mpstat-command-examples-in-linux/ ### `btop++` ⭐️ 🌈 ```bash # install btop from github btop ``` ![](https://docs.monadical.com/uploads/upload_32d152f61395c99470005ffc72d2d848.png) https://github.com/aristocratos/btop ### `pidstat` Show per-process CPU usage statistics including IO load, interrupt load, wait time, etc. Gets its data from `/proc/<pid>/stat`. ```bash apt install sysstat # show stats for each pid with human-readable sizes and full commands w/ args pidstat --human -l # show reports of page faults and memory statistics for PID 1234 every 2sec pidstat -r -p 1234 2 ``` - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/en/man1/pidstat.1.html - https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2014/11/pidstat-examples/ - https://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-pidstat-monitor-statistics-procesess/ ### `free` Show RAM and SWAP usage information. ```bash # show RAM and SWAP usage info along with buffer/cache stats and totals free -h -t -l ``` - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/en/man1/free.1.html - https://www.howtoforge.com/linux-free-command/ - https://linuxize.com/post/free-command-in-linux/ ### `vmstat` Show virtual memory, buffer, cache, and paging information. ```bash apt install sysstat # show all virtual memory stats in megabytes every 1sec vmstat -S M -a 1 # show aggregate statistics and totals vmstat -s # show disk-related virtual memory access statistics vmstat -d ``` - https://linux.die.net/man/8/vmstat - https://www.linode.com/docs/uptime/monitoring/use-vmstat-to-monitor-system-performance/ - https://www.tecmint.com/linux-performance-monitoring-with-vmstat-and-iostat-commands/ ### `tsubame` 🌈 - https://github.com/DoranekoSystems/Tsubame ### `memray` 🌈 Fancy memory profiling TUI for python. It can track memory allocations in Python code, in native extension modules, and in the Python interpreter itself. - https://github.com/bloomberg/memray - https://github.com/laixintao/flameshow (flamegraph viewer) --- ## GPU ### `gpustat` (Only works for NVidia GPUs.) ```bash pip install gpustat # print GPU performance stats with color every second watch -c gpustat -cp --color ``` - https://github.com/wookayin/gpustat ### `intel_gpu_top` Show GPU usage stats for Intel, NVidia, or Radeon GPUs. ```bash apt install intel-gpu-tools intel_gpu_top ``` - https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/igt-gpu-tools - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/en/man1/intel_gpu_top.1.html ### `nvtop` ```bash apt install nvtop nvtop ``` - https://github.com/Syllo/nvtop - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/en/man1/nvtop.1.html ### `radeontop` ```bash apt install radeontop radeontop ``` - https://github.com/clbr/radeontop - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/en/man1/radeontop.1.html ### `nvidia-smi` Monitor NVidia hardware sensor values (e.g. temperature, frequency, etc.). ```bash apt install nvidia-smi # print nvidia performance and sensor stats every second nvidia-smi -l 1 # print nvidia utilization stats for GPU 0 every second nvidia-smi -q -g 0 -d UTILIZATION -l 1 ``` - https://developer.nvidia.com/nvidia-system-management-interface - https://subscription.packtpub.com/book/programming/9781788996242/app01/app01sec01/useful-nvidia-smi-commands - https://www.microway.com/hpc-tech-tips/nvidia-smi_control-your-gpus/ - https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/DCGM/docs/nvidia-smi-367.38.pdf ### `glmark2` Stress-test GPU performance. ```bash apt install glmark2 glmark2 ``` - https://github.com/glmark2/glmark2 - https://linuxreviews.org/Glmark2 - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man1/glmark2.1.html - https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/linux-gpu-benchmark/ - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Benchmarking ### `glxgears` Stress-test GPU performance. ```bash apt install mesa-utils glxgears ``` - https://linux.die.net/man/1/glxgears - https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/linux-gpu-benchmark/ - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Benchmarking --- ## Filesystem ### `iotop` ⭐️ Ranks processes by disk IO usage and throughput in realtime. ### `ioping` Check the response time of a given device or socket. <1ms times with low variance are indicators of a healthy storage device. ```bash apt install ioping ioping /dev/sda ``` ### `lsof` ⭐️ View processes actively reading/writing/locking a given path or device. ```bash lsof +D /some/path/here # see which processes are actively using a connected USB drive lsof +D /media/usb # see which processes are actively using nvidia GPUs lsof /dev/nvidia* ``` ### `fuser` View processes actively reading/writing/locking a given directory or path. ```bash fuser -a -v -u /some/path/here ``` ### `blktrace` Prints all disk-read events happening on the system. ```bash sudo blktrace -d /dev/nvme0n1 -a read -o - | blkparse -i - ``` - https://questdb.io/blog/investigating-linux-phantom-disk-reads/ ### `debugfs` Translate between block numbers, inode numbers, and file paths. ```bash debugfs -R 'icheck 536514808' /dev/nvme0n1 # debugfs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) # Block Inode number # 536514808 8270377 debugfs -R 'ncheck 8270377' /dev/nvme0n1 # debugfs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) # Inode Pathname # 8270377 /home/ubuntu/.questdb/db/table_name/2022-10-04/symbol_col9.d.1092 ``` - https://questdb.io/blog/investigating-linux-phantom-disk-reads/ ### `iostat` View IO usage stats and avg response times for a given drive in realtime. ```bash # show io stats in human readable sizes for all devices iostat -d -m # show extended stats (w/ human readable sizes) for /dev/sda every 1sec iostat -d -m -x 1 /dev/sda ``` `d_await` is the avg time it took to respond to IO in ms (lower is better) `%util` is the percent utilization (lower is better) - https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/iostat-command-in-linux-with-examples/ - https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/07/iostat-vmstat-mpstat-examples/ - https://linoxide.com/linux-command/linux-iostat-command/ - https://www.linuxtechi.com/monitor-linux-systems-performance-iostat-command/ ### `zpool iostat` ⭐️ View realtime ZFS IO stats for a pool. ```bash zpool iostat -v poolnametotest 1 ``` ### `nfsiostat` View realtime NFS IO stats. ```bash apt install nfs-common # show NFS IO stats sorted by operations per second every 1sec nfsiostat -s 1 # show NFS IO stats for the mount /mnt/nfs-drive nfsiostat /mnt/nfs-drive ``` - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man8/nfsiostat.8.html - https://www.thegeekdiary.com/understanding-the-nfsiostat-command-output-examples-included/ ### `cifsiostat` View realtime CIFS IO stats. ```bash apt install sysstat # show human-readable CIFS IO stats in megabytes every 1sec cifsiostat -h -m 1 ``` - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/en/man1/cifsiostat.1.html - https://zoomadmin.com/HowToLinux/LinuxCommand/cifsiostat - https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat ### `hdparm` One-off command to test disk read/write speed. ```bash hdparm -Tt /dev/sda ``` ### `bonnie++` One-off command to test disk read/write speed at a variety of block sizes. ```bash # bonnie++ -d [TEST_LOCATION] -s [TEST_SIZE] -n 0 -m [TEST_NAME] -f -b -u [USER] # simple example with a 1 gigabyte test file on /media/somedisk bonnie++ -d /media/somedisk -s 1G ... # full example with a 4 gigabyte test file on bonnie++ -d /media/somedisk -s 4G -n 0 -m TEST -f -b ``` ### `dd` ⭐️ The jack-of-all-trades tool `dd` can also be used for simple disk speed tests. ```bash # create a ramdisk with a large test file in it # this is needed to avoid being CPU or disk-speed limited # when reading our random test data to write during the test mkdir /mnt/ramdisk mount -t tmpfs -o size=1024m tmpfs /mnt/ramdisk dd if=/dev/urandom of=/mnt/ramdisk/testfile bs=1M count=1024 status=progress # to test the write speed of a disk sync dd if=/mnt/ramdisk/testfile of=/mnt/disktotest/testfile bs=1M count=1024 oflag=dsync status=progress # to test the read speed of a disk echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches dd if=/mnt/disktotest/testfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 status=progress ``` ### `rsync`/`rclone`/`rsnapshotd`/`sanoid`+`syncoid` Backup and file syncing tools. ```bash apt install rclone rsync rsnapshotd # sync some local files to a remote server over ssh/rsyncd rsync --archive --info=progress2 /some/local/path user@host:/some/remote/path # sync some local files to a remote directory on a cloud storage provider rclone sync source:path dest:path [flags] # mount remote dir as a local FUSE filesystem rclone mount remote:path/to/files /path/to/local/mount # take an rsync+hardlink snapshot of all the sources set in /etc/rsnapshot.conf rsnapshot # or take a zfs snapshot of a given pool/dataset zfs snapshot -r poolname/dataset@snapshotname ``` ### `gddrescue`/`dd_rescue`/`ddrescue-gui`/`recoverdisk`/`safecopy`/`recoverypy` - https://askubuntu.com/questions/211578/whats-the-difference-between-ddrescue-gddrescue-and-dd-rescue - https://github.com/PabloLec/RecoverPy 🌈 ### `df` Show the space available on a given filesystem. ```bash df -h / ``` ### `ncdu` ⭐️🌈 Analyze a directory to find all the largest files. ```bash # show tree of largest files and dirs on / filesystem ncdu -x / # show tree of largest files and dirs in all filesystems below /mnt ncdu /mnt ``` ### `find` ```bash # list files ordered by modified date from most recent to least recently modified find /some/path -mtime -1 -lsblk ``` ### `parted` ```bash # list all drives and partitions parted /dev print all ``` ### `blkid` ```bash # list all partitions with their UUIDs, filesystem types, and labels blkid ``` ### `lsblk` ⭐️ ```bash # show the partition tree with filesystem types, mountpoints, permissions, and sizes lsblk -f -m # show drives only with no partitions or headers lsblk --nodeps --noheadings ``` ### `lsscsi` ```bash apt install lsscsi # list all drives with info about size, disk id, etc. $ lsscsi -s -P -p -g -i -D [0:0:0:0] 0x0 ATA CT120BX300SSD1 010 /dev/sda - /dev/sg0 - none - 120GB [2:0:0:0] 0x0 ATA CT2000BX500SSD1 030 /dev/sdg - /dev/sg6 - none - 2.00TB [2:0:1:0] 0x0 ATA Samsung SSD 860 1B6Q /dev/sdh - /dev/sg7 - none - 500GB [2:0:2:0] 0x0 ATA Samsung SSD 860 1B6Q /dev/sdi - /dev/sg8 - none - 500GB [2:0:3:0] 0x0 ATA WDC WDS100T2B0A 00WD /dev/sdj - /dev/sg9 - none - 1.00TB [2:0:4:0] 0x0 ATA WDC WDS100T2B0A 00WD /dev/sdk - /dev/sg10 - none - 1.00TB [2:0:5:0] 0x0 ATA WDC WDS100T2B0A 00WD /dev/sdl - /dev/sg11 - none - 1.00TB [3:0:0:0] 0x0 JMicron Generic DISK00 0103 /dev/sdb JMicron_Generic_DISK00_0123456789ABCDEF-0:0 /dev/sg1 - none - 8.00TB [3:0:0:1] 0x0 JMicron Generic DISK01 0103 /dev/sdc JMicron_Generic_DISK01_0123456789ABCDEF-0:1 /dev/sg2 - none - 8.00TB [3:0:0:2] 0x0 JMicron Generic DISK02 0103 /dev/sdd JMicron_Generic_DISK02_0123456789ABCDEF-0:2 /dev/sg3 - none - 8.00TB [3:0:0:3] 0x0 JMicron Generic DISK03 0103 /dev/sde JMicron_Generic_DISK03_0123456789ABCDEF-0:3 /dev/sg4 - none - 8.00TB [3:0:0:4] 0x0 JMicron Generic DISK04 0103 /dev/sdf JMicron_Generic_DISK04_0123456789ABCDEF-0:4 /dev/sg5 - none - 10.0TB ``` ### `fdisk` ⭐️🌈 ```bash # list detailed information about disk device models, sector alignment and sizes, partition maps, partition types, block sizes fdisk -l ``` ### `zfs`/`nfs`/`samba`/`glusterfs` Alternative filesystems / fileshares besides ext4. --- ## Network ### `nethogs` ⭐️🌈 Show a list of processes sorted by network activity in realtime. ```bash apt install nethogs # show process traffic across all interfaces nethogs # show process traffic between all hosts on eno2 in promiscous mode nethogs -p eno2 ``` ### `iftop` Lists active network connections sorted by activity level in realtime. ```bash # show all connections with ports iftop -P # show only connections on eno1 to/from 192.168.1.10 iftop -P -i eno1 -f "host 192.168.1.10" # show traffic between all hosts on eno2 in promiscuous mode (if available) iftop -P -i eno2 -p # when inside of tmux/screen you may need to set TERM manually for pretty output env TERM=xterm-256color iftop ``` - https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/8-iftop/ - https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2008/12/iftop-guide-display-network-interface-bandwidth-usage-on-linux/ - https://github.com/srix/iftopcolor ### `iptraf-ng`🌈 Show a real-time updating list of all connections by host `iftop`, with a log of the packets being sent. Can also show a statistical summaries of traffic per-host, per-interface, or per-packet-type. ```bash iptraf-ng ``` - https://linux.die.net/man/8/iptraf-ng - https://wiki.ipfire.org/addons/iptraf-ng ### `pktstat` Display list of active connections including any HTTP requests within each connection. ```bash # list active connections and requests on all interfaces sorted by traffic volume pktstat -t # list active connections and requests on eth0 with full hostnames and Byte totals pktstat -i eth0 -t -B -F -T ``` ### `speedometer` / `nload` / `bmon` / `slurm` / `bwm-ng` / `cbm` / `netload` / `ifstat` / etc. 🌈 Show realtime staticstics/graphs of total network traffic on the system. These all work similarly and can be installed via most system package managers. ```bash # Show a fancy colored realtime graph of sent and received traffic on eth0 speedometer -r eth0 -t eth0 ``` - https://www.binarytides.com/linux-commands-monitor-network/ ### `netstat` ⭐️ View information about processes bound to ports and active network connections. ```bash # list processes listening on all ports (UDP & TCP, IPv4 & IPv6) netstat -tulpn # list all active connections with their current status netstat -tupn # list all active connections with their current status and realtime updating netstat -tupnc # show summary stats each type of socket netstat -i # show summary stats for type of protocol netstat -s # or show socket stats using ss ss -s ``` - https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/netstat-command-linux/ - https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2010/03/netstat-command-examples/ ### `ethtool` Show information about the kernel module / driver powering a given network interface. ```bash apt install ethtool # show speed, duplex, and additional metadata for eth0 interface ethtool eth0 # show feature flags status for eth0 interface ethtool -k eth0 # show transfer stats for eth0 interface ethtool -S eth0 # show the eth0 driver / kernel module ethtool -i eth0 # identify the physical eth0 ethernet port by blinking its LED ethtool -p eth0 ``` - https://linux.die.net/man/8/ethtool - https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2010/10/ethtool-command/ ### `ip`/`ifconfig` View network interface and routing table information. ```bash # print entire routing table ip route # or on BSD systems route -n # get the default "next hop" route for the end destination 192.168.1.2 ip route get 192.168.1.2 # or on BSD systems route get 192.168.1.2 # interface info with human-readable sizes for the eno1 interface ip -s -h link show eno1 # or on BSD systems ifconfig eno1 # show transfer stats for each interface ip -s link # or on BSD systems ifconfig ``` - https://linuxize.com/post/linux-ip-command/ - https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-ip-command-examples-usage-syntax/ - https://www.tecmint.com/ip-command-examples/ - https://phoenixnap.com/kb/linux-ip-command-examples ### `ping`/`tcping`/`arping` Basic ICMP/TCP/ARP ping utilities (you cant ping over UDP unless you have a process running on the server to send back a UDP response, like `iperf`). ```bash apt install ping # ping a given IP/host 10 times using ICMP with a 5sec timeout for each packet ping -c 10 -t 5 <IP/host> ``` - https://linux.die.net/man/8/ping - https://www.howtoforge.com/linux-ping-command/ ``` apt install tcping # send 10 TCP packgets to a given IP/host:80 with a 1sec delay between each tcping -ip <IP/host> --port 80 --number 10 --sleep 1000 ``` - https://github.com/AyoobAli/TCPing - https://techtalk.gfi.com/troubleshooting-networks-with-tcping/ ```bash apt install arping # ask peers on the network for the MAC address associated with 192.168.1.2 arping 192.168.1.2 # check for duplicate responses for the IP 192.168.1.5 (to detect ARP spoofing) arping -d 192.168.1.4 ``` - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man8/arping.8.html - https://www.poftut.com/arping-command-tutorial-examples-linux/ - https://devconnected.com/arping-command-on-linux-explained/ ### `arpwatch` Monitor new ARP cache entries broadcased by devices on your local network. ```bash apt install net-tools arpwatch # show new ARP mappings announced on eth0 interface arpwatch -i eth0 # show entire arp table arp -a -v # print only the arp entries for the host 192.168.1.2 on the interface eno1 arp -i eno1 -a 192.168.1.2 ``` - https://linux.die.net/man/8/arpwatch - https://www.tecmint.com/monitor-ethernet-activity-in-linux/ - https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/arp-command-in-linux-with-examples/ - https://www.computerhope.com/unix/arp.htm ### `iperf`/`iperf3` ⭐️ One-off command to test network speed over a single/multiple connections. ```bash apt install iperf # on the server iperf -s # on the client iperf -c <ip/host of server> ``` ```bash apt install iperf3 # on the server iperf3 -s # on the client iperf3 -c <ip/host of server> ``` (make sure to swap the client & server to test in both directions for the most accurate results) - https://iperf.fr/iperf-doc.php - https://fasterdata.es.net/performance-testing/network-troubleshooting-tools/iperf/ - https://support.cumulusnetworks.com/hc/en-us/articles/216509388-Throughput-Testing-and-Troubleshooting - https://www.tecmint.com/test-network-throughput-in-linux/ ### `nuttcp` One-off command to test network speed with advanced options for TCP/UDP bursting, timing, packet sizes, and more. Better than `iperf` for stress testing network edge-conditions, buffer sizes of intermediate devices, or extremely high-bandwidth links. ```bash apt install nuttcp # on the server nuttcp -S # on the client nuttcp -i1 <ip/host of server> # send 300 Mbps of UDP traffic in bursts of 50 packets for 5 seconds nuttcp -u -Ri300m/50 -i 1 -T5 <ip/host of server> # saturate a 10Gbit connection with a 9K MTU using max-size UDP packets (len=8972) nuttcp -l8972 -T30 -u -w4m -Ru -i1 <ip/host of server> ``` - https://fasterdata.es.net/performance-testing/network-troubleshooting-tools/nuttcp/ - https://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/8-nuttcp/ - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man8/nuttcp.8.html ### `speedtest-cli` A CLI to test your internet speed using the speedtest.net service. ```bash pip install speedtest-cli speedtest-cli ``` - https://github.com/sivel/speedtest-cli - https://www.speedtest.net/apps/cli ### `dig`/`dug`/`dog`/`host`/`nslookup`/`doggo` 🌈 You can test DNS record resolution, trace, and speed stats using `dig` or `dog`. ```bash apt install dnsutils # simple example using system default resolver dig -4 +trace example.com # full example using 1.1.1.1 as the resolver with DNSSEC checking dig -4 +dnssec +multi +trace @1.1.1.1 example.com # get your public IP address using the opendns reflector resolver dig -4 +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com # get pretty colorized output optimized for human-readability dog example.com A @1.1.1.1 host -t A example.com nslookup example.com curl -s ipinfo.io ``` - https://doggo.mrkaran.dev/docs/ - https://github.com/unfrl/dug - https://github.com/ogham/dog - https://github.com/TheRook/subbrute ### `mtr` ⭐️ Traceroute tool that shows realtime ping speed to all hops between you and a destination in realtime. ```bash apt install mtr # Simple trace of connection to example.com using ICMP mtr example.com # Full trace showing AS numbers, IP addresses, and ICMP extension info mtr --show-ips --aslookup --mpls --max-ttl 20 example.com # Trace using TCP port 80 instead mtr --tcp --port 80 example.com # Trace using UDP port mtr --udp --port 80 example.com ``` - https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-traceroute-and-mtr-to-diagnose-network-issues - https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/network-layer/what-is-mtr/ - https://vitux.com/how-to-use-the-linux-mtr-command/ ### `nmap` ⭐️ Jack-of-all-trades port-scanner, network scanner, fingerprinter, and network tester. ```bash apt install nmap # scan all TCP ports on a given host nmap -p 1-65535 -T4 -A -v <IP/hostname> # detect host OS and protocols on open ports nmap -sO <IP/hostname> ``` - https://nmap.org/ - https://nmap.org/book/man-examples.html - https://www.tecmint.com/nmap-command-examples/ ### `tcpdump` + `wireshark` Collect a dump of all packets sent/received and inspect their contents. ```bash # capture all packets on eth0 port 80, without resolving hostnames/ports tcpdump -i eth0 -nn -s0 -v port 80 # show all HTTP GET/POST requests on all interfaces tcpdump -s0 -v -n -l | grep -E -i "POST /|GET /|Host:" # capture all packets on eth0 and write them to test.pcap tcpdump -i eth0 -s0 -w test.pcap # open a given pcap capture file in the wireshark GUI wireshark -r test.pcap ``` - https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/ChapterIntroduction.html - https://hackertarget.com/tcpdump-examples/ - https://danielmiessler.com/study/tcpdump/ ### `ssldump` ```bash ssldump -k cert.key -i eth0 -dn host 123.123.123.123 and port 443 ``` ### `wsrepl` 🌈 Interactive REPL for websocket exploration. - https://github.com/doyensec/wsrepl ### `iptables`/`iptables-tui` Interactive TUI to explore iptables. - https://github.com/davidmoreno/iptables-tui ### `impala` 🌈 TUI for managing Wifi on Linux ```bash cargo install impala impala ``` - https://github.com/pythops/impala --- ## Hardware ### `sensors` Monitor hardware sensor values (e.g. temp, frequency, etc.). ```bash apt install lm-sensors sensors-detect watch sensors ``` ### `ipmitool` Show additional sensor values not accessible to `lm-sensors`. ```bash apt install ipmitool # show all sensor values including voltage, current, temp, fan speeds, etc. ipmitool sensor # show ambient air temperature ipmitool sdr type temperature | grep 'degrees C' # get chassis hardware and power status information ipmitool chassis status ``` ### `i7z` Show the the C-states and temperature for i3, i5 and i7 based Core processors from Intel. ```bash apt install i7z i7z ``` ### `cpufreq-info` ⭐️ Show information about current CPU frequency, hardware limits, active governor policy, and more. ```bash apt install cpufrequtils # view CPU frequency info cpufreq-info # set upper CPU frequency limit to 1.6Ghz cpufreq-set -u 1.6Ghz # set the governor to userspace-controlled frequency with a constant 800Mhz frequency cpufreq-set -g userspace cpufreq-set -f 800Mhz ``` - http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_use_cpufrequtils - https://wiki.debian.org/CpuFrequencyScaling - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/CPU_frequency_scaling - https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cpu-freq/boost.txt ### `cpupower` Get information about CPU clock speeds, governors, and power modes. ```bash # show information on frequencies, turbo-boost, and transition speeds of installed CPUs cpupower frequency-info # show information about available idle states of installed CPUs cpupower idle-info # show per-core breakdown of usage, frequency, clock speed, and idle stats cpupower monitor ``` ### `powertop` ⭐️ Monitor CPU power consumption and power management on Linux. ```bash apt install powertop # show breakdown of power usage per-process in watts, cpu usage time, events/s and more powertop ``` - https://github.com/fenrus75/powertop - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Powertop ### `dmidecode` ```bash # show SMBIOS data from sysfs about CPU sockets, vendors, architectures, available feature flags, versions, clock speeds, hyperthreading, turbo-boost, and more dmidecode -t 4 # show system hardware summary dmidecode --type system -q # show processor hardware summary dmidecode -q --type processor # show memory hardware summary dmidecode -q --type memory dmidecode --type 17 free -m -h -t ``` ### `smartctl` ⭐️ Monitor disk SMART sensor values and statuses (e.g. temp, power-on hours, write errors, etc.). ```bash apt install smartmontools # get all the SMART values and information for /dev/sdc smartctl --all /dev/sdc ``` ### `apcaccess status` Monitor UPS power usage, battery level, voltage, and other stats. ```bash apt install apcupsd # enable in config echo "UPSCABLE usb" >> /etc/apcupsd/apcupsd.conf echo "UPSTYPE usb" >> /etc/apcupsd/apcupsd.conf echo "DEVICE" >> /etc/apcupsd/apcupsd.conf echo "ISCONFIGURED=yes" > /etc/default/apcupsd systemctl enable apcupsd systemctl start apcupsd # show curent power draw, max power draw, battery level, voltage, runtime, etc. apcaccess status ``` ### `lshw` ⭐️ Show the entire hardware information tree with all info. ```bash lshw # less verbose output lshw -short # fetch SCISI, USB, PCI, etc. extended bus information lshw -businfo # output an HTML summary lshw -html > hardware.html ``` - https://linux.die.net/man/1/lshw - https://ezix.org/project/wiki/HardwareLiSter - https://github.com/lyonel/lshw - https://www.howtoforge.com/linux-lshw-command/ ### `lsusb` Show information about attached USB devices and connection topology. ```bash # show all USB device info in tree format including vendor information lsusb -v -t ``` ### `usb-devices` ⭐️ List attached USB device BUS IDs + type, device IDs, vendor IDs, serial numbers, driver, feature flags, and power consumption info. ```bash usb-devices ``` ### `camcontrol` Show information about available hardware on FreeBSD systems using the CAM system. ```bash camcontrol devlist ``` - https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=camcontrol&sektion=8 ### `dmesg` ⭐️ View kernel log output related to hardware devices, including connection/disconnection events, errors, warnings, debug info, and more. ```bash dmesg ``` - https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/dmesg.1.html - https://www.tecmint.com/dmesg-commands/ - https://www.linuxtechi.com/10-tips-dmesg-command-linux-geeks/ ### `last` Show information and logs from the most recent boot. ```bash # show last boot log w/ init level changes, full usernames, and timestamps last -x -w -F | tac ``` --- ## VM / Docker ### `ctop` ⭐️🌈 `htop` equivalent for monitoring containers, works for Docker and runC and has pretty colors. ```bash brew install ctop # show performance stats, entrypoint, and health of all active containers ctop -a ``` (see [`glances`](#glances-⭐%EF%B8%8F) for `htop` + `ctop` all-in-one) - https://github.com/bcicen/ctop - https://www.tecmint.com/ctop-monitor-docker-containers/ ### `docker stats` The docker equivalent of `top`. Uncolored output, one row per container. ```bash docker stats docker compose stats ``` - https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/stats/ ### `virt-top` Monitor performance statistics of virtual machines on a KVM host. ```bash apt install virt-top virt-top ``` - https://linux.die.net/man/1/virt-top - https://github.com/olafhering/virt-top - https://packages.debian.org/stretch/virt-top ### `esxtop` Monitor performance statistics of virtual machines on an ESXi host. ```bash ssh someuser@esxi-host esxtop ``` - https://kb.vmware.com/s/article/1008205 - http://www.yellow-bricks.com/esxtop/ - https://www.virten.net/vmware/esxtop/ --- ## DB / Webserver ### `pg_top` ⭐️ Show PostgreSQL performance information. ```bash apt install pgtop # connect to postgres@localhost:5432/example and show perf stats w/ color pg_top --color-mode -h localhost -p 5432 -d example -U postgres ``` - https://gitlab.com/pg_top/pg_top - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/man1/pg_top.1.html - https://metacpan.org/pod/release/COSIMO/pgtop-0.05/pgtop - https://severalnines.com/database-blog/dynamic-monitoring-postgresql-instances-using-pgtop ### `mytop` Show MySQL performance information. ```bash apt install mytop myps # connect to mysql@localhost:3306/example and show perf stats w/ color mytop -color -h localhost -P 3306 -u mysql -d example ``` - http://jeremy.zawodny.com/mysql/mytop - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/en/man1/mytop.1p.html - https://www.tecmint.com/mytop-mysql-mariadb-database-performance-monitoring-in-linux/ - https://github.com/kazeburo/myps ### `redis-stat` Show Redis performance information. ```bash gem install redis-stat # also available as a JAR file # show performance stats of a redis db on localhost:6380 every 1sec redis-stat --verbose localhost:6380 1 # you can also use redis's built-in monitoring commands redis-cli INFO redis-cli MONITOR ``` - https://github.com/junegunn/redis-stat - https://www.datadoghq.com/blog/how-to-monitor-redis-performance-metrics/ - https://redis.io/commands/monitor - https://blog.serverdensity.com/monitor-redis/ ### `ngxtop` ⭐️ Show Nginx performance information. ```bash pip install ngxtop # show summary of performance and breakdown by request URL ngxtop # show summary of usage by client IP ngxtop top remote_addr # show 4xx/5xx responses by referrer ngxtop -i 'status >= 400' print request status http_referer ``` - https://github.com/lebinh/ngxtop - https://github.com/gsquire/topngx ### `apachetop` Show Apache performance information. ```bash apt install apachetop # show performance statistics parsed from the example.com access_log apachetop -f /var/www/vhosts/example.com/statistics/logs/access_log ``` - https://linux.die.net/man/1/apachetop - https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/ubuntu/monitor-your-website-in-real-time-with-apachetop/ - https://www.liquidweb.com/kb/how-to-install-and-use-apachetop/ - https://github.com/fr3nd/apache-top - https://www.tecmint.com/monitor-apache-web-server-load-and-page-statistics/ - https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_status.html ### `uwsgitop` Show uWSGI performance information. ```bash pip install uwsgitop # enable the stats socket on the server uwsgi --module myapp --socket :3030 --stats /tmp/stats.socket # then connect to it with uwsgitop uwsgitop /tmp/stats.socket ``` - https://github.com/xrmx/uwsgitop - https://www.engagespark.com/blog/deploying-monitoring-python-web-apps-uwsgi/ ## OS / System ### `nala` 🌈 Prettier drop-in replacement frontend for the `apt` package manager. Provides faster parallelized downloads, better progress bars, extra helpers, etc. on top of `apt`. ```bash apt install nala # then use it in place of apt: nala update nala install python3 nodejs ``` - https://github.com/volitank/nala ### `uname` Get active kernel and architecture information. ```bash uname --all # or to only get architecture arch ``` ### `lsmod` Get active kernel module list. ```bash lsmod ``` ### `lsb_release` Get Ubuntu version info. ```bash lsb_release --all ``` ### `watchdog`/`auditd`/`acct` System event monitoring, audit logging, alerting tools, etc. ```bash apt install watchdog auditd acct # read documentation for more info man watchdog man auditd man acct ``` ### `systemd-analyze` Useful for track down the cause of slow boots and other startup service issues. ```bash # list all processes that started at boot, ordered from slowest to fastest systemd-analyze blame # plot the services that ran at boot as a pretty SVG with colors systemd-analyze plot > boot-trace.svg # see what security permissions the docker service has enabled systemd-analyze security docker ``` ### `dpkg`/`apt list`/`apt-file`/`apt-mark` Other useful apt-related package management commands. ```bash apt list --installed apt-mark showmanual apt show <packagename> dpkg -L <packagename> apt-file search <filename> ``` ## Profiling / Debugging ### `pv`/`progress` ⭐️ Show progress of `cp`, `mv`, etc. file transfer operations, pipe operations, etc. ```bash apt install pv progress cat some_large_file.txt | pv | gzip -9 > compressed_file.txt.gz cp compressed_file.txt.gz /some/other/location progress ``` - https://github.com/Xfennec/progress ### `strace`/`dtrace`/`dtruss` ⭐️ Trace the system calls of a given process to watch what it's doing internally. ```bash # Run `ls /home` and print all system calls to stdout strace ls /home # Print 'open' or 'read' system calls with timestamps strace -t -e open,read ls /home # Attach to a running process by PID strace -p 1234 ``` (`dtrace` is the macOS/BSD equivalent to `strace`) - https://www.tecmint.com/strace-commands-for-troubleshooting-and-debugging-linux/ - https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/11/strace-examples/ - https://www.deepanseeralan.com/tech/fun-with-dtruss-macOS/ - https://poweruser.blog/using-dtrace-with-sip-enabled-3826a352e64b ### `ltrace` Trace the dynamic calls made to shared libraries to see how processes are using shared libs. ```bash # attach to a specific PID and show call names with start timestamp and duration ltrace -t -T -p 1234 # Run `docker ps` and only show calls made to the libselinux.so dylib (with timestamps) ltrace -t -T -l /lib/libselinux.so.1 docker ps ``` - use [`LD_PRELOAD`](https://www.tomaz.me/2014/01/08/detecting-which-process-is-creating-a-file-using-ld-preload-trick.html?utm_source=pocket_saves)/[`DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES`](https://gist.github.com/talaviram/1f21e141a137744c89e81b58f73e23c3?permalink_comment_id=3975633&utm_source=pocket_saves) directly for more preload-injection tracing fun - https://gitlab.com/cespedes/ltrace - https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/cosmic/man1/ltrace.1.html ### `binwalk`/`strings`/`hexyl`/`hexabyte`/`dissy` 🌈 Decompiler utility normally used to inspect firmware binaries, but is useful along with `strings` to see what a binary contains before you run it. ```python3 pip3 install 'git+https://github.com/ReFirmLabs/binwalk.git' # extract the full root filesystem from a firmware image binary binwalk --extract some_firmware.bin # show machine instructions used in a given firmware binwalk --opcodes some_executable.bin # show all strings found inside a binary blob strings some_binary_blob.exe # show hex dump explorer with pretty color highlighting hexyl /bin/some_binary.exe ``` - https://github.com/ReFirmLabs/binwalk/blob/master/INSTALL.md - https://github.com/ReFirmLabs/binwalk/wiki/quick-start-guide - https://github.com/sharkdp/hexyl 🌈 - https://github.com/thetacom/hexabyte ⭐️🌈 - https://github.com/tonybaloney/dissy ⭐️🌈 --- ## Shell Utilities ### `bat`/`pygmentize`/`grc`/`colortail`/`rich`/`imgcat`/`timg` ⭐️🌈 Tools to help you generically colorize the output any command. Great for printing logfiles, source code, config files, tracebacks, etc. any other structured data with syntax highlighting. ```bash bat < docker.log docker compose logs | grc pygmentize -g < somecode.py ... ``` - https://github.com/sharkdp/bat ⭐️ - https://github.com/garabik/grc ⭐️ - https://github.com/pygments/pygments ⭐️ - https://github.com/sharkdp/hexyl ⭐️ - https://github.com/textualize/rich-cli ⭐️ - https://github.com/eddieantonio/imgcat ⭐️ - https://github.com/owenthereal/ccat - https://github.com/joakim666/colortail - https://github.com/tanderson92/supercat - https://codeberg.org/mehrad/highlighter - https://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite/ - https://github.com/armandino/TxtStyle - https://github.com/PatrickF1/colored_man_pages.fish / https://github.com/decors/fish-colored-man - https://github.com/Kikobeats/awesome-cli#output - https://github.com/victante/trish - - [and more here...](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7851134/syntax-highlighting-colorizing-cat) ### `iTerm2`/`fig` ⭐️ 🌈 Alternative Terminal Emulator applicaitons with tons of extra features. - https://iterm2.com/ - https://github.com/withfig/fig ### `fish`/`fisher`/`fifc` ⭐️ 🌈 ```bash apt install fish fish curl -fsSL 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jorgebucaran/fisher/main/functions/fisher.fish' | source fisher install jorgebucaran/fisher fisher install gazorby/fifc ``` Alternative to traditional `bash` shell with better autocomplete, image viewing support, user-installable plugins, and other features. - ⭐️ https://github.com/pirate/fish-utils (fish functions I wrote myself + many useful links) - https://github.com/jorgebucaran/fisher (fish plugin manager) - https://github.com/topics/fish-plugin (list of fish plugins on github) - ⭐️🌈 https://github.com/gazorby/fifc (awesome fzf style autocomplete for cli args, git, etc.) ### `tmux`/`tmux2html` ```bash apt install tmux # stream your tmux window as a live-updating HTML UI on http://0.0.0.0:8000 pip install tmux2html tmux2html -o index.html --stream --interval 1 0 python3 -m http.server --directory . --bind 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 ``` ### `atuin` ⭐️🌈 Improved shell history manager that can also sync history between machines (encrypted). ```bash bash <(curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/atuinsh/atuin/main/install.sh) atuin status atuin help ``` - https://github.com/atuinsh/atuin ### `shellcheck` ⭐️ ```bash apt install shellcheck shellcheck /some/bash/script.sh ``` Best linter available for bash scripts with hundreds of checks for common mistakes. - https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck ### `ag`/`ripgrep`/`ack`/`ugrep` ⭐️ `grep -r`/`git grep` replacement with much faster performance and additional features. ```bash apt install silversearcher-ag ag 'some-regex' . ``` - https://github.com/Genivia/ugrep 🌈 ### `autojump`/`z`/`zoxide`/`aj`/`pj`/`fasd`/`j` ⭐️ Cd into recently used directories quickly (fuzzy-matched). - https://github.com/jethrokuan/z ⭐️ - https://github.com/joelthelion/autojump ⭐️ - https://github.com/kidonng/zoxide.fish - https://github.com/oh-my-fish/plugin-pj ### `eza`/`exa`/`lsd`/`lsp`/`broot`/`fzf`/`browsr` 🌈 `cd` and `ls` replacements. ```bash brew install eza eza --header --group-directories-first -s name \ --time-style=long-iso --created --modified \ --all --long --extended --group --git --classify --icons \ --ignore-glob=.DS_Store \ /some/directory/path ``` - https://github.com/eza-community/eza ⭐️ - https://github.com/juftin/browsr ⭐️ - https://github.com/junegunn/fzf ⭐️ - https://github.com/Donaldttt/fuzzyy - https://github.com/Canop/broot - https://github.com/lsd-rs/lsd - https://github.com/dborzov/lsp ### `micro`/`most`/`toolong`/`logmerger` 🌈 `nano`, `cat`, and `less` alternatives with multi-cursor selection, syntax highlighting, mouse support, and more. ```bash pipx install toolong apt install bat most brew install micro tl /path/to/some/file.js tl access.log* --merge most /path/to/some/file.js bat /path/to/some/file.js micro /path/to/some/file.js ``` - https://github.com/textualize/toolong - https://github.com/ptmcg/logmerger ### `jq`/`yq`/`jsome`/`mlr`/`confget`/`plutil`/`pup`/`peco`/`glow`/`hexyl` Command-line parsers and manipulators of JSON, YAML, XML, CSV, INI, and PLIST formats. - https://github.com/Javascipt/Jsome - https://github.com/peco/peco - https://github.com/ericchiang/pup - https://github.com/charmbracelet/glow - https://github.com/thetacom/hexabyte ### `watch`/`timeout`/`wait`/`mkfifo`/`nohup`/`disown`/`bg`/`fg`/`jobs` Watch the output of any command for changes and highlight the diff, useful in conjuction with other tools below. ```bash # show changes in the output of `ip -s link show eno1` highlighting network IO watch -n1 -d ip -s link show eno1 # show changes in the output of `lsof +D /mnt/somedrive` highlighting accesses watch -n1 -d lsof +D /media/usb # run a long-running command with a given timeout timeout 10 wget 'https://example.com/some/large/file' # wait for a pid to finish running and exit with its return status wait 123 # create a fifo pipe for inter-process communication mkfio /tmp/testpipe mknod /tmp/testpipe p ``` - https://www.lostpenguin.net/index.php/bg-fg-jobs-nohup-and-disown/ - https://www.networkworld.com/article/970196/sleeping-and-waiting-on-linux.html - https://github.com/pirate/bash-utils ### `op`/`passman`/`keyring`/`uuidgen`/`openssl`/`mkcert`/`certbot` Password, secret, and token generators/managers. ```bash openssl rand -hex 20 # 8ca5a28c055a766aa5a676fff24a9755fdd113f4 ``` <br/> --- --- <br/> ## Further Reading - https://terminaltrove.com/ - https://github.com/ibraheemdev/modern-unix - https://github.com/rothgar/awesome-tuis - https://github.com/alebcay/awesome-shell - https://github.com/cdleon/awesome-terminals - https://github.com/xuxiaodong/awesome-shell - https://github.com/awesome-lists/awesome-bash - https://github.com/joseluisq/awesome-bash-commands - https://github.com/toolleeo/cli-apps - https://github.com/agarrharr/awesome-cli-apps - https://github.com/Kikobeats/awesome-cli - https://www.linuxlinks.com/alternatives-popular-cli-tools/ - https://dev.to/lissy93/cli-tools-you-cant-live-without-57f6 - https://awesome-docker.netlify.app/ - https://docs.sweeting.me/s/an-intro-to-the-opt-directory - https://12factor.net/ <center>